{
	"schemaVersion": "1",
	"name": "PupPilot Verified Veterinary Statistics",
	"description": "Verified veterinary industry statistics, each traced to a primary source with sample, method, and scope notes on what the figure does and does not measure.",
	"license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
	"url": "https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics",
	"dateModified": "2026-08-31",
	"categories": [
		{
			"id": "profession-at-a-glance",
			"label": "The profession at a glance",
			"description": "Scale figures for the US veterinary profession — headcounts, pay, growth, establishments — from government and association sources."
		},
		{
			"id": "phone-access",
			"label": "Phone access & call handling",
			"description": "What is actually measured about reaching a veterinary practice by phone. The only peer-reviewed measurement in this category was published in 2025."
		},
		{
			"id": "client-expectations",
			"label": "Client expectations & communication preferences",
			"description": "How pet owners want to reach their clinic, and what frustrates them when they try."
		},
		{
			"id": "practice-economics",
			"label": "Practice economics & client value",
			"description": "What a patient is worth, what practices produce, and how demand is moving — with each figure’s denominator stated."
		},
		{
			"id": "technology-ai",
			"label": "Technology adoption & AI",
			"description": "Who has actually adopted what, measured at the practice or professional level."
		},
		{
			"id": "triage-clinical",
			"label": "Triage & clinical communication",
			"description": "How well urgency gets judged over the phone — by owners, by front desks, and by teletriage."
		},
		{
			"id": "pet-owners",
			"label": "Pet owners: spending, insurance & access",
			"description": "Ownership, spending, insurance, and barriers to care, from government, association, and named-firm research."
		},
		{
			"id": "workforce-shortage",
			"label": "Workforce & the shortage question",
			"description": "Wellbeing, retention, and the shortage models — including the fact that the three credible shortage models disagree."
		},
		{
			"id": "adjacent-benchmarks",
			"label": "Adjacent-industry benchmarks",
			"description": "Not veterinary. Human medicine, dental, and contact-center measurements — useful as reference points, labeled so they cannot be mistaken for veterinary data."
		}
	],
	"entries": [
		{
			"slug": "us-veterinarian-count",
			"status": "verified",
			"category": "profession-at-a-glance",
			"question": "How many veterinarians are there in the US?",
			"figure": "133,475",
			"unit": "US veterinarians as of December 31, 2025",
			"construct": "An administrative count of living US veterinarians maintained by AVMA — a registry figure, not a survey estimate.",
			"source": {
				"publisher": "AVMA",
				"title": "Market research statistics: US veterinarians",
				"date": "2025",
				"url": "https://www.avma.org/resources-tools/reports-statistics/market-research-statistics-us-veterinarians"
			},
			"sample": "Administrative count of all living US veterinarians; not a sample",
			"method": "Registry count",
			"strength": "association",
			"cannot_support": "A count of practicing clinicians — the figure includes retired and non-practicing veterinarians.",
			"scope": [],
			"verified_on": "2026-08-31",
			"added_on": "2026-08-31",
			"citation": "133,475 US veterinarians as of December 31, 2025 (AVMA, 2025; via PupPilot Verified Veterinary Statistics) https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#us-veterinarian-count",
			"anchorUrl": "https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#us-veterinarian-count"
		},
		{
			"slug": "bls-veterinarian-outlook",
			"status": "verified",
			"category": "profession-at-a-glance",
			"question": "How many veterinarian jobs are there, and how fast is the profession growing?",
			"figure": "+9%",
			"unit": "projected US veterinarian job growth, 2025–35",
			"figures": [
				{
					"value": "91,100",
					"label": "US veterinarian jobs (2025)"
				},
				{
					"value": "$130,100",
					"label": "median pay (May 2025)"
				},
				{
					"value": "+9%",
					"label": "projected growth, 2025–35 (+8,600 jobs; ~3,100 openings a year)"
				}
			],
			"construct": "BLS employment count, median wage, and ten-year projection; openings are mostly replacement demand.",
			"source": {
				"publisher": "US Bureau of Labor Statistics",
				"title": "Occupational Outlook Handbook: Veterinarians",
				"date": "2026-08-27",
				"url": "https://www.bls.gov/ooh/healthcare/veterinarians.htm"
			},
			"sample": "All US veterinarian employment; OOH projections refreshed August 27, 2026",
			"method": "Government occupational statistics and projection model",
			"strength": "government",
			"cannot_support": "The older 19–20% growth projection — superseded by the August 27, 2026 Occupational Outlook refresh; +9% (still “much faster than average”) is current.",
			"scope": [],
			"note": "Re-verified at bls.gov on August 31, 2026.",
			"verified_on": "2026-08-31",
			"added_on": "2026-08-31",
			"citation": "+9% projected US veterinarian job growth, 2025–35 (US Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2026-08-27; via PupPilot Verified Veterinary Statistics) https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#bls-veterinarian-outlook",
			"anchorUrl": "https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#bls-veterinarian-outlook"
		},
		{
			"slug": "bls-vet-tech-outlook",
			"status": "verified",
			"category": "profession-at-a-glance",
			"question": "How much do vet techs make, and how fast is the field growing?",
			"figure": "+9%",
			"unit": "projected US vet tech job growth, 2025–35",
			"figures": [
				{
					"value": "131,400",
					"label": "US vet tech/technologist jobs (2025)"
				},
				{
					"value": "$47,380",
					"label": "median pay (May 2025)"
				},
				{
					"value": "+9%",
					"label": "projected growth, 2025–35 (+12,300 jobs)"
				}
			],
			"construct": "BLS counts of veterinary technologist and technician employment, median annual wage, and projected ten-year growth; openings are mostly replacement demand.",
			"source": {
				"publisher": "US Bureau of Labor Statistics",
				"title": "Occupational Outlook Handbook: Veterinary Technologists and Technicians",
				"date": "2026-08-27",
				"url": "https://www.bls.gov/ooh/healthcare/veterinary-technologists-and-technicians.htm"
			},
			"sample": "All US vet tech/technologist employment; OOH refreshed August 27, 2026",
			"method": "Government occupational statistics and projection model",
			"strength": "government",
			"cannot_support": "Credentialed-tech pay specifically — BLS pools credentialed and non-credentialed workers in one occupation code.",
			"scope": [],
			"note": "Re-verified at bls.gov on August 31, 2026.",
			"verified_on": "2026-08-31",
			"added_on": "2026-08-31",
			"citation": "+9% projected US vet tech job growth, 2025–35 (US Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2026-08-27; via PupPilot Verified Veterinary Statistics) https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#bls-vet-tech-outlook",
			"anchorUrl": "https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#bls-vet-tech-outlook"
		},
		{
			"slug": "us-veterinary-establishments",
			"status": "verified",
			"category": "profession-at-a-glance",
			"question": "How many veterinary clinics are there in the US?",
			"figure": "34,000",
			"unit": "US veterinary establishments (2022; +18.5% since 2009)",
			"construct": "Census Bureau count of US veterinary-services establishments, reported through AVMA's economic report.",
			"source": {
				"publisher": "US Census Bureau via AVMA",
				"title": "2025 Report on the Economic State of the Veterinary Profession",
				"date": "2025",
				"url": "https://www.avma.org/resources-tools/reports-statistics/economic-state-veterinary-profession"
			},
			"sample": "All US veterinary establishments, County Business Patterns basis",
			"method": "Government establishment census",
			"strength": "government",
			"cannot_support": "“34,000 clinics” — establishments are not clinics; multi-site groups count once per location, and the count includes non-clinical veterinary services.",
			"scope": [],
			"verified_on": "2026-08-31",
			"added_on": "2026-08-31",
			"citation": "34,000 US veterinary establishments (2022; +18.5% since 2009) (US Census Bureau via AVMA, 2025; via PupPilot Verified Veterinary Statistics) https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#us-veterinary-establishments",
			"anchorUrl": "https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#us-veterinary-establishments"
		},
		{
			"slug": "dvm-school-applicants",
			"status": "verified",
			"category": "profession-at-a-glance",
			"question": "How competitive is veterinary school admission?",
			"figure": "2.4:1",
			"unit": "applicants per first-year veterinary seat",
			"figures": [
				{
					"value": "10,880",
					"label": "applicants to the DVM Class of 2028"
				},
				{
					"value": "2.4:1",
					"label": "national applicants-per-first-year-seat ratio"
				}
			],
			"construct": "AAVMC's count of DVM applicants and the ratio of applicants to available first-year seats across member schools.",
			"source": {
				"publisher": "AAVMC",
				"title": "2024–25 Annual Data Report",
				"date": "2025",
				"url": "https://www.aavmc.org/resources/public-data/"
			},
			"sample": "33 US and 16 international AAVMC member schools",
			"method": "Association admissions data collection",
			"strength": "association",
			"cannot_support": "An acceptance-rate calculation from the raw count — applicants apply to 4–5 schools each, so 2.4 applicants per seat is the meaningful ratio.",
			"scope": [],
			"verified_on": "2026-08-31",
			"added_on": "2026-08-31",
			"citation": "2.4:1 applicants per first-year veterinary seat (AAVMC, 2025; via PupPilot Verified Veterinary Statistics) https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#dvm-school-applicants",
			"anchorUrl": "https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#dvm-school-applicants"
		},
		{
			"slug": "javma-booking-success",
			"status": "verified",
			"category": "phone-access",
			"question": "How often do attempts to book a veterinary appointment succeed?",
			"figure": "67.0%",
			"unit": "of secret-shopper attempts to book a wellness appointment succeeded",
			"construct": "The share of simulated new-client wellness booking attempts that resulted in an available appointment.",
			"source": {
				"publisher": "JAVMA",
				"title": "Secret shopper survey reveals generally reasonable access to preventive veterinary appointments for dogs, with notable gaps in rural areas and for other outliers (Aggarwal, Ramirez-Guillen & Haeder)",
				"date": "2026;264(1):65–72",
				"doi": "10.2460/javma.25.05.0311",
				"url": "https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.25.05.0311"
			},
			"sample": "n=5,053 US general practices in 6 states (CA, MN, OH, PA, TX, WA), randomly selected proportional to county population; fielded February 4 – April 11, 2025",
			"method": "Secret-shopper telephone audit (callers posing as dog owners attempting to book a wellness appointment); excessive hold defined as over 5 minutes",
			"strength": "peer-reviewed",
			"cannot_support": "Overall access or satisfaction claims — this measured new-client wellness booking attempts during business hours, not sick visits, emergencies, or existing clients.",
			"scope": [],
			"note": "PMID 40961980. Figures re-verified against the free PubMed abstract on August 31, 2026. The authors concluded access is generally reasonable — the failures concentrate at the telephone, not in the exam room.",
			"verified_on": "2026-08-31",
			"added_on": "2026-08-31",
			"citation": "67.0% of secret-shopper attempts to book a wellness appointment succeeded (JAVMA, 2026;264(1):65–72; via PupPilot Verified Veterinary Statistics) https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#javma-booking-success",
			"anchorUrl": "https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#javma-booking-success"
		},
		{
			"slug": "javma-booking-failure-connect",
			"status": "verified",
			"category": "phone-access",
			"question": "How many veterinary calls go unanswered?",
			"figure": "15.1%",
			"unit": "of booking attempts failed because the caller could not connect with staff",
			"construct": "The share of secret-shopper booking attempts that failed at the phone layer — the caller never reached a staff member at all.",
			"source": {
				"publisher": "JAVMA",
				"title": "Secret shopper survey reveals generally reasonable access to preventive veterinary appointments for dogs, with notable gaps in rural areas and for other outliers (Aggarwal, Ramirez-Guillen & Haeder)",
				"date": "2026;264(1):65–72",
				"doi": "10.2460/javma.25.05.0311",
				"url": "https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.25.05.0311"
			},
			"sample": "n=5,053 US general practices in 6 states (CA, MN, OH, PA, TX, WA), randomly selected proportional to county population; fielded February 4 – April 11, 2025",
			"method": "Secret-shopper telephone audit (callers posing as dog owners attempting to book a wellness appointment); excessive hold defined as over 5 minutes",
			"strength": "peer-reviewed",
			"cannot_support": "A general missed-call rate — this measured new-client wellness booking attempts during business hours, not a practice's total call traffic. It is the closest peer-reviewed measurement available.",
			"scope": [],
			"note": "A further 1.9% failed on staff refusal, 2.2% on inaccurate contact information, and 3.9% because the practice lacked capacity for new patients.",
			"verified_on": "2026-08-31",
			"added_on": "2026-08-31",
			"citation": "15.1% of booking attempts failed because the caller could not connect with staff (JAVMA, 2026;264(1):65–72; via PupPilot Verified Veterinary Statistics) https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#javma-booking-failure-connect",
			"anchorUrl": "https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#javma-booking-failure-connect"
		},
		{
			"slug": "javma-booking-failure-hold",
			"status": "verified",
			"category": "phone-access",
			"question": "How long will callers wait on hold at a veterinary clinic?",
			"figure": "8.2%",
			"unit": "of booking attempts ended after more than 5 minutes on hold",
			"construct": "The share of secret-shopper booking attempts abandoned after an excessive hold, defined in the study as more than five minutes.",
			"source": {
				"publisher": "JAVMA",
				"title": "Secret shopper survey reveals generally reasonable access to preventive veterinary appointments for dogs, with notable gaps in rural areas and for other outliers (Aggarwal, Ramirez-Guillen & Haeder)",
				"date": "2026;264(1):65–72",
				"doi": "10.2460/javma.25.05.0311",
				"url": "https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.25.05.0311"
			},
			"sample": "n=5,053 US general practices in 6 states (CA, MN, OH, PA, TX, WA), randomly selected proportional to county population; fielded February 4 – April 11, 2025",
			"method": "Secret-shopper telephone audit (callers posing as dog owners attempting to book a wellness appointment); excessive hold defined as over 5 minutes",
			"strength": "peer-reviewed",
			"cannot_support": "An average hold time or a hang-up-point threshold — it measures abandonment past a five-minute cutoff on booking attempts, nothing about typical waits.",
			"scope": [],
			"verified_on": "2026-08-31",
			"added_on": "2026-08-31",
			"citation": "8.2% of booking attempts ended after more than 5 minutes on hold (JAVMA, 2026;264(1):65–72; via PupPilot Verified Veterinary Statistics) https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#javma-booking-failure-hold",
			"anchorUrl": "https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#javma-booking-failure-hold"
		},
		{
			"slug": "javma-appointment-wait",
			"status": "verified",
			"category": "phone-access",
			"question": "How long do clients wait for a veterinary appointment?",
			"figure": "6.36 days",
			"unit": "mean wait to appointment when booking succeeded",
			"construct": "Average days between a successful secret-shopper booking call and the offered wellness appointment (average travel: 11.1 minutes or 6.4 miles).",
			"source": {
				"publisher": "JAVMA",
				"title": "Secret shopper survey reveals generally reasonable access to preventive veterinary appointments for dogs, with notable gaps in rural areas and for other outliers (Aggarwal, Ramirez-Guillen & Haeder)",
				"date": "2026;264(1):65–72",
				"doi": "10.2460/javma.25.05.0311",
				"url": "https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.25.05.0311"
			},
			"sample": "n=5,053 US general practices in 6 states (CA, MN, OH, PA, TX, WA), randomly selected proportional to county population; fielded February 4 – April 11, 2025",
			"method": "Secret-shopper telephone audit (callers posing as dog owners attempting to book a wellness appointment); excessive hold defined as over 5 minutes",
			"strength": "peer-reviewed",
			"cannot_support": "Urgent or sick-visit wait times — these were routine wellness requests.",
			"scope": [],
			"verified_on": "2026-08-31",
			"added_on": "2026-08-31",
			"citation": "6.36 days mean wait to appointment when booking succeeded (JAVMA, 2026;264(1):65–72; via PupPilot Verified Veterinary Statistics) https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#javma-appointment-wait",
			"anchorUrl": "https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#javma-appointment-wait"
		},
		{
			"slug": "patient-prism-vet-hangups",
			"status": "verified",
			"category": "phone-access",
			"question": "What share of veterinary callers hang up before reaching a person?",
			"figure": "26 in 100",
			"unit": "callers hung up before reaching an agent",
			"construct": "The share of inbound calls in one vendor's veterinary customer cohort that ended before the caller reached a person.",
			"source": {
				"publisher": "Patient Prism",
				"title": "Veterinary Patient Access Report",
				"date": "2026-07-02",
				"url": "https://www.patientprism.com/report/veterinary-patient-access-report/"
			},
			"sample": "568,309 calls across 384 veterinary locations, calendar year 2025; vendor's own customer cohort, roughly 76% from two corporate groups, on marketing-tracked lines",
			"method": "Vendor call-tracking telemetry",
			"strength": "vendor-disclosed",
			"cannot_support": "An industry-wide abandonment rate — the cohort is self-selected, corporate-weighted, and measured on marketing-tracked lines that skew toward new callers.",
			"scope": [],
			"verified_on": "2026-08-31",
			"added_on": "2026-08-31",
			"citation": "26 in 100 callers hung up before reaching an agent (Patient Prism, 2026-07-02; via PupPilot Verified Veterinary Statistics) https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#patient-prism-vet-hangups",
			"anchorUrl": "https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#patient-prism-vet-hangups"
		},
		{
			"slug": "patient-prism-vet-bookings",
			"status": "verified",
			"category": "phone-access",
			"question": "What share of veterinary calls end in a booked appointment?",
			"figure": "22 in 100",
			"unit": "calls resulted in a booked appointment",
			"construct": "The share of inbound calls in the same vendor cohort that converted to a booked appointment.",
			"source": {
				"publisher": "Patient Prism",
				"title": "Veterinary Patient Access Report",
				"date": "2026-07-02",
				"url": "https://www.patientprism.com/report/veterinary-patient-access-report/"
			},
			"sample": "568,309 calls across 384 veterinary locations, calendar year 2025; same cohort caveats as the hang-up figure",
			"method": "Vendor call-tracking telemetry",
			"strength": "vendor-disclosed",
			"cannot_support": "A conversion benchmark for all veterinary calls — call mix on marketing-tracked lines differs from a practice's main line, where refills, results, and existing clients dominate.",
			"scope": [],
			"verified_on": "2026-08-31",
			"added_on": "2026-08-31",
			"citation": "22 in 100 calls resulted in a booked appointment (Patient Prism, 2026-07-02; via PupPilot Verified Veterinary Statistics) https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#patient-prism-vet-bookings",
			"anchorUrl": "https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#patient-prism-vet-bookings"
		},
		{
			"slug": "puppilot-call-mix",
			"status": "verified",
			"category": "phone-access",
			"question": "What share of veterinary calls end in a booked appointment?",
			"figure": "25%",
			"unit": "of after-hours calls at one measured practice were scheduling requests",
			"figures": [
				{
					"value": "42%",
					"label": "general FAQs (hours, vaccination requirements, policies)"
				},
				{
					"value": "25%",
					"label": "scheduling requests"
				},
				{
					"value": "13%",
					"label": "emergencies"
				},
				{
					"value": "20%",
					"label": "other"
				}
			],
			"construct": "Call intent, not conversion: the after-hours call-type mix at one general practice, from the published case study.",
			"source": {
				"publisher": "PupPilot",
				"title": "Case study: after-hours AI at a general practice",
				"date": "2026",
				"url": "https://www.puppilot.co/resources/case-studies/gp-clinic-after-hours-ai"
			},
			"sample": "After-hours calls at 1 US general practice (published case study)",
			"method": "Platform call classification",
			"strength": "vendor-disclosed",
			"cannot_support": "A booking-conversion rate or a daytime call mix — this measures what after-hours callers asked for, at one practice. It sits alongside the Patient Prism conversion figure because the two constructs are often conflated.",
			"scope": [],
			"verified_on": "2026-08-31",
			"added_on": "2026-08-31",
			"citation": "25% of after-hours calls at one measured practice were scheduling requests (PupPilot, 2026; via PupPilot Verified Veterinary Statistics) https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#puppilot-call-mix",
			"anchorUrl": "https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#puppilot-call-mix"
		},
		{
			"slug": "puppilot-35-percent",
			"status": "verified",
			"category": "phone-access",
			"question": "How many calls can a single busy practice miss?",
			"figure": "35%",
			"unit": "of one practice's calls in a week were never picked up by a person",
			"construct": "In five weekdays at one general practice before AI deployment, about 160 calls a day arrived and the team answered about 105 — roughly 280 calls in the week went unanswered.",
			"source": {
				"publisher": "PupPilot",
				"title": "Platform case data: the 35% problem",
				"date": "2026-08-25",
				"url": "https://www.puppilot.co/resources/insights/the-35-percent-problem"
			},
			"sample": "1 multi-doctor US general practice, 5 weekdays — a case, not a study",
			"method": "Phone-system logs, before/after line migration",
			"strength": "vendor-disclosed",
			"cannot_support": "Any industry average — one practice, one week. It is also an undercount: the prior system could not separate hang-ups from voicemail, and callers who met a full queue never registered.",
			"scope": [],
			"note": "Our own platform data, published with the same fields as every other entry: vendor, single site, n=1 clinic.",
			"verified_on": "2026-08-31",
			"added_on": "2026-08-31",
			"citation": "35% of one practice's calls in a week were never picked up by a person (PupPilot, 2026-08-25; via PupPilot Verified Veterinary Statistics) https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#puppilot-35-percent",
			"anchorUrl": "https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#puppilot-35-percent"
		},
		{
			"slug": "puppilot-opt-out",
			"status": "verified",
			"category": "phone-access",
			"question": "How many callers opt out of talking to an AI receptionist?",
			"figure": "1.5–2%",
			"unit": "of AI-handled interactions end with the caller opting out to a person (platform-wide)",
			"figures": [
				{
					"value": "1.5–2%",
					"label": "platform-wide opt-out rate across PupPilot clinics"
				},
				{
					"value": "4.3%",
					"label": "at the single practice in the published case (~2,000 interactions, 5 weekdays)"
				}
			],
			"construct": "The share of AI-handled interactions in which the caller asks for, and is transferred to, a person.",
			"source": {
				"publisher": "PupPilot",
				"title": "Platform case data: the 35% problem",
				"date": "2026-08-25",
				"url": "https://www.puppilot.co/resources/insights/the-35-percent-problem"
			},
			"sample": "Platform-wide telemetry across active PupPilot clinics (rate varies by clinic and configuration); the published single-practice case covers ~2,000 interactions at 1 US general practice over 5 weekdays",
			"method": "Platform interaction logs",
			"strength": "vendor-disclosed",
			"cannot_support": "An industry AI-acceptance rate — this is vendor telemetry, and rates vary with clinic configuration. The 4.3% is one practice's number from the published case, not a platform average.",
			"scope": [],
			"note": "Our own platform data, published with the same fields as every other entry.",
			"verified_on": "2026-08-31",
			"added_on": "2026-08-31",
			"citation": "1.5–2% of AI-handled interactions end with the caller opting out to a person (platform-wide) (PupPilot, 2026-08-25; via PupPilot Verified Veterinary Statistics) https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#puppilot-opt-out",
			"anchorUrl": "https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#puppilot-opt-out"
		},
		{
			"slug": "petdesk-booking-friction",
			"status": "verified",
			"category": "client-expectations",
			"question": "What frustrates pet owners about booking by phone?",
			"figure": "35%",
			"unit": "of pet owners reporting booking problems cite long phone hold times",
			"figures": [
				{
					"value": "35%",
					"label": "cite long phone hold times"
				},
				{
					"value": "21%",
					"label": "cite difficulty contacting the clinic"
				},
				{
					"value": "33%",
					"label": "cite inability to book while the clinic is closed"
				}
			],
			"construct": "Among pet owners who reported problems booking veterinary appointments, the share citing each friction.",
			"source": {
				"publisher": "PetDesk",
				"title": "2025 Pet Parent Research Report",
				"date": "2025",
				"url": "https://petdesk.com/pet-parent-research-report"
			},
			"sample": "n=1,000 North American pet owners, fielded July–December 2024; report is email-gated",
			"method": "Vendor-commissioned consumer survey",
			"strength": "vendor-disclosed",
			"cannot_support": "Shares of all pet owners — the denominators are owners who reported booking problems, not the full sample.",
			"scope": [],
			"verified_on": "2026-08-31",
			"added_on": "2026-08-31",
			"citation": "35% of pet owners reporting booking problems cite long phone hold times (PetDesk, 2025; via PupPilot Verified Veterinary Statistics) https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#petdesk-booking-friction",
			"anchorUrl": "https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#petdesk-booking-friction"
		},
		{
			"slug": "petdesk-anytime-booking",
			"status": "verified",
			"category": "client-expectations",
			"question": "Do pet owners want to text and book online with their veterinary clinic?",
			"figure": "78%",
			"unit": "of pet owners rate any-time, any-device booking as important",
			"figures": [
				{
					"value": "78%",
					"label": "rate any-time, any-device booking important"
				},
				{
					"value": "77%",
					"label": "want text or chat with the clinic"
				},
				{
					"value": "57%",
					"label": "reported difficulty booking an appointment"
				},
				{
					"value": "31%",
					"label": "say they are likely to switch clinics over it (40% among younger owners)"
				}
			],
			"construct": "What surveyed pet owners say they want from clinic communication channels, and the switching risk when they don't get it.",
			"source": {
				"publisher": "PetDesk with London Research",
				"title": "2025 Pet Parent Research Report",
				"date": "2025-03",
				"url": "https://petdesk.com/pet-parent-research-report"
			},
			"sample": "n=1,000 North American pet owners; full report gated",
			"method": "Vendor-commissioned consumer survey, third-party research partner",
			"strength": "vendor-disclosed",
			"cannot_support": "Mixing these figures with the variant cut shown on PetDesk's own landing page — the two sets differ; cite one, labeled.",
			"scope": [],
			"verified_on": "2026-08-31",
			"added_on": "2026-08-31",
			"citation": "78% of pet owners rate any-time, any-device booking as important (PetDesk with London Research, 2025-03; via PupPilot Verified Veterinary Statistics) https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#petdesk-anytime-booking",
			"anchorUrl": "https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#petdesk-anytime-booking"
		},
		{
			"slug": "cma-phone-research",
			"status": "verified",
			"category": "client-expectations",
			"question": "Do prospective clients still use the phone to shop for veterinary care?",
			"figure": "27–31%",
			"unit": "of prospective clients used the phone to research prices",
			"figures": [
				{
					"value": "27–31%",
					"label": "used the phone to research prices"
				},
				{
					"value": "29%",
					"label": "used the phone to research service information"
				}
			],
			"construct": "UK government-commissioned survey of how veterinary clients research providers before choosing one.",
			"source": {
				"publisher": "Accent Marketing & Research for the UK Competition & Markets Authority",
				"title": "Vet Users Survey",
				"date": "2025-01",
				"url": "https://www.gov.uk/cma-cases/veterinary-services-market-for-pets-review"
			},
			"sample": "n=2,376 UK veterinary users; push-to-web with telephone (CATI) follow-up",
			"method": "Government-commissioned market survey",
			"strength": "government",
			"cannot_support": "US claims — this is UK data from the CMA's veterinary market review.",
			"scope": [
				"non-us"
			],
			"verified_on": "2026-08-31",
			"added_on": "2026-08-31",
			"citation": "27–31% of prospective clients used the phone to research prices (Accent Marketing & Research for the UK Competition & Markets Authority, 2025-01; via PupPilot Verified Veterinary Statistics) https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#cma-phone-research",
			"anchorUrl": "https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#cma-phone-research"
		},
		{
			"slug": "ipsos-portal-nonusers",
			"status": "verified",
			"category": "client-expectations",
			"question": "Why do some clients never use online portals?",
			"figure": "36%",
			"unit": "of healthcare-portal non-users would rather talk to a human",
			"figures": [
				{
					"value": "17%",
					"label": "were unaware they had a portal"
				},
				{
					"value": "13%",
					"label": "didn't know how to access it"
				},
				{
					"value": "36%",
					"label": "would rather talk to a human"
				}
			],
			"construct": "Among US adults who do not use their (human) healthcare portal, the stated reasons — while 81% of US adults do use one.",
			"source": {
				"publisher": "Ipsos",
				"title": "Healthcare portals are gaining traction",
				"date": "2025",
				"url": "https://www.ipsos.com/en-us"
			},
			"sample": "n=3,010 US adults, fielded March 17–20, 2025, ±2.0pp",
			"method": "Named-firm omnibus survey",
			"strength": "named-firm",
			"cannot_support": "Portal-rejection rates for the whole population — the percentages describe the non-user minority only, and this is human healthcare, not veterinary.",
			"scope": [
				"non-veterinary"
			],
			"verified_on": "2026-08-31",
			"added_on": "2026-08-31",
			"citation": "36% of healthcare-portal non-users would rather talk to a human (Ipsos, 2025; via PupPilot Verified Veterinary Statistics) https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#ipsos-portal-nonusers",
			"anchorUrl": "https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#ipsos-portal-nonusers"
		},
		{
			"slug": "dr-google-consultation",
			"status": "verified",
			"category": "client-expectations",
			"question": "Do clients Google symptoms before calling the vet?",
			"figure": "~68%",
			"unit": "of dog and cat owners consult online sources at least occasionally before a veterinary visit",
			"figures": [
				{
					"value": "~68%",
					"label": "consult online sources at least occasionally before a visit"
				},
				{
					"value": "12.1%",
					"label": "ever disagreed with their veterinarian because of it"
				}
			],
			"construct": "European survey of pet owners' use of internet health information — near-universal consultation, rare downstream conflict.",
			"source": {
				"publisher": "Frontiers in Veterinary Science",
				"title": "Does “Dr. Google” improve discussion and decisions in small animal practice? (Springer et al.)",
				"date": "2024",
				"doi": "10.3389/fvets.2024.1417927",
				"url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/veterinary-science/articles/10.3389/fvets.2024.1417927/full"
			},
			"sample": "n=2,117 dog and cat owners in Austria, Denmark, and the UK; fielded March 2022",
			"method": "Peer-reviewed online questionnaire",
			"strength": "peer-reviewed",
			"cannot_support": "US rates, or claims that online research routinely damages the clinical relationship — 12.1% ever disagreeing is the finding pointing the other way.",
			"scope": [
				"non-us"
			],
			"verified_on": "2026-08-31",
			"added_on": "2026-08-31",
			"citation": "~68% of dog and cat owners consult online sources at least occasionally before a veterinary visit (Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 2024; via PupPilot Verified Veterinary Statistics) https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#dr-google-consultation",
			"anchorUrl": "https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#dr-google-consultation"
		},
		{
			"slug": "avma-vetsource-revenue-per-patient",
			"status": "verified",
			"category": "practice-economics",
			"question": "What is a veterinary patient worth per year?",
			"figure": "$622",
			"unit": "average annual revenue per patient ($499 services + $203 products)",
			"construct": "Average yearly revenue per active patient across a large practice panel — the defensible per-patient value figure.",
			"source": {
				"publisher": "Vetsource / VetSuccess via AVMA",
				"title": "Veterinary industry revenue-per-patient analysis",
				"date": "2024",
				"url": "https://www.avma.org/news"
			},
			"sample": "~6,000 US practices, August 2023 – August 2024",
			"method": "Practice-management-system transaction data via data provider",
			"strength": "association",
			"cannot_support": "New-client first-year value or lifetime value — this is an annual average across active patients of network practices.",
			"scope": [],
			"verified_on": "2026-08-31",
			"added_on": "2026-08-31",
			"citation": "$622 average annual revenue per patient ($499 services + $203 products) (Vetsource / VetSuccess via AVMA, 2024; via PupPilot Verified Veterinary Statistics) https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#avma-vetsource-revenue-per-patient",
			"anchorUrl": "https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#avma-vetsource-revenue-per-patient"
		},
		{
			"slug": "avma-revenue-per-dvm",
			"status": "verified",
			"category": "practice-economics",
			"question": "How much revenue does a veterinarian generate?",
			"figure": "$616,667",
			"unit": "median gross revenue per FTE veterinarian, companion-exclusive practices (2023)",
			"figures": [
				{
					"value": "$616,667",
					"label": "median gross revenue per FTE veterinarian, companion-exclusive practices (2023)"
				},
				{
					"value": "$554,982",
					"label": "all-practice average (2024)"
				},
				{
					"value": "~$288",
					"label": "revenue per DVM-hour"
				}
			],
			"construct": "Practice revenue per full-time-equivalent veterinarian, median and average, with the per-hour equivalent.",
			"source": {
				"publisher": "AVMA",
				"title": "2025 Report on the Economic State of the Veterinary Profession + AVMA benchmarking (Oct 2025)",
				"date": "2025",
				"url": "https://www.avma.org/resources-tools/reports-statistics/economic-state-veterinary-profession"
			},
			"sample": "n=524 practices (93.9% independent), 8.8% response rate; free PDF",
			"method": "Association practice survey",
			"strength": "association",
			"cannot_support": "Treating the median (2023, companion-exclusive) and the average (2024, all practices) as one trend — they are different constructs from different cuts.",
			"scope": [],
			"verified_on": "2026-08-31",
			"added_on": "2026-08-31",
			"citation": "$616,667 median gross revenue per FTE veterinarian, companion-exclusive practices (2023) (AVMA, 2025; via PupPilot Verified Veterinary Statistics) https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#avma-revenue-per-dvm",
			"anchorUrl": "https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#avma-revenue-per-dvm"
		},
		{
			"slug": "avma-staffing-ratio",
			"status": "verified",
			"category": "practice-economics",
			"question": "How many support staff should a practice have per veterinarian?",
			"figure": "2.21 vs 2.7",
			"unit": "medical staff (techs + assistants) per DVM: 2024 actual vs the most efficient hospitals",
			"figures": [
				{
					"value": "2.21",
					"label": "medical staff (techs + assistants) per DVM, 2024 actual"
				},
				{
					"value": "2.7",
					"label": "medical staff per DVM at the most efficient hospitals"
				},
				{
					"value": "4–5",
					"label": "optimal all-staff per FTE DVM (VEBF 2024)"
				}
			],
			"construct": "AVMA benchmarking of actual versus most-efficient staffing ratios.",
			"source": {
				"publisher": "AVMA",
				"title": "AVMA practice benchmarking",
				"date": "2025-10",
				"url": "https://www.avma.org/news"
			},
			"sample": "AVMA benchmarking analysis, October 2025",
			"method": "Association benchmarking analysis",
			"strength": "association",
			"cannot_support": "Any staffing ratio attributed to AAHA — AAHA does not publish staffing benchmarks.",
			"scope": [],
			"verified_on": "2026-08-31",
			"added_on": "2026-08-31",
			"citation": "2.21 vs 2.7 medical staff (techs + assistants) per DVM: 2024 actual vs the most efficient hospitals (AVMA, 2025-10; via PupPilot Verified Veterinary Statistics) https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#avma-staffing-ratio",
			"anchorUrl": "https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#avma-staffing-ratio"
		},
		{
			"slug": "avma-appointment-slots",
			"status": "verified",
			"category": "practice-economics",
			"question": "How many appointments does a veterinarian see per day?",
			"figure": "13–14",
			"unit": "appointment slots per FTE veterinarian per weekday (companion/mixed practice)",
			"construct": "Scheduled appointment capacity per full-time veterinarian in companion and mixed practices.",
			"source": {
				"publisher": "AVMA",
				"title": "2025 Report on the Economic State of the Veterinary Profession",
				"date": "2025",
				"url": "https://www.avma.org/resources-tools/reports-statistics/economic-state-veterinary-profession"
			},
			"sample": "n=524 practices, 8.8% response rate",
			"method": "Association practice survey",
			"strength": "association",
			"cannot_support": "Specialty or emergency scheduling claims — this is general companion/mixed practice.",
			"scope": [],
			"verified_on": "2026-08-31",
			"added_on": "2026-08-31",
			"citation": "13–14 appointment slots per FTE veterinarian per weekday (companion/mixed practice) (AVMA, 2025; via PupPilot Verified Veterinary Statistics) https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#avma-appointment-slots",
			"anchorUrl": "https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#avma-appointment-slots"
		},
		{
			"slug": "vetsource-industry-tracker",
			"status": "verified",
			"category": "practice-economics",
			"question": "Are veterinary revenue and visits growing or shrinking?",
			"figure": "+3.4%",
			"unit": "revenue, trailing 12 months year-over-year (as of August 25, 2026)",
			"figures": [
				{
					"value": "+3.4%",
					"label": "revenue, trailing 12-month year-over-year"
				},
				{
					"value": "−2.0%",
					"label": "visits, trailing 12-month year-over-year"
				}
			],
			"construct": "Trailing-twelve-month revenue and visit change across the Vetsource/AVMA tracker panel; panel practices average about $2.2M revenue and ~9.7K visits a year.",
			"source": {
				"publisher": "Vetsource / AVMA",
				"title": "Veterinary Industry Tracker weekly summary",
				"date": "2026-08-25",
				"url": "https://vetsource.com/products/data-services/veterinary-industry-tracker/"
			},
			"sample": "6,488 US practices; panel skews larger than the median practice",
			"method": "PIMS transaction telemetry, updated weekly",
			"strength": "vendor-disclosed",
			"cannot_support": "A fixed industry statistic — the tracker updates weekly and this snapshot is dated August 25, 2026; re-pull before quoting.",
			"scope": [],
			"verified_on": "2026-08-31",
			"added_on": "2026-08-31",
			"citation": "+3.4% revenue, trailing 12 months year-over-year (as of August 25, 2026) (Vetsource / AVMA, 2026-08-25; via PupPilot Verified Veterinary Statistics) https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#vetsource-industry-tracker",
			"anchorUrl": "https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#vetsource-industry-tracker"
		},
		{
			"slug": "vetsource-2025-visits",
			"status": "verified",
			"category": "practice-economics",
			"question": "Did veterinary visits decline in 2025?",
			"figure": "−3.1%",
			"unit": "total veterinary visits, 2025 vs 2024",
			"figures": [
				{
					"value": "−3.1%",
					"label": "total visits, 2025 vs 2024"
				},
				{
					"value": "−3.8%",
					"label": "wellness visits, 2025 vs 2024"
				}
			],
			"construct": "Full-year 2025 visit decline across a large practice panel; corroborated directionally by Vetwatch (~3,000 practices: 2026 YTD revenue +2.4%, unique patients −2.3%).",
			"source": {
				"publisher": "Vetsource",
				"title": "2025 full-year white paper",
				"date": "2026-01-15",
				"url": "https://vetsource.com/resources/"
			},
			"sample": "~6,500 US practices in the Vetsource panel",
			"method": "PIMS transaction telemetry",
			"strength": "vendor-disclosed",
			"cannot_support": "Industry totals — panel practices skew larger than the median practice.",
			"scope": [],
			"verified_on": "2026-08-31",
			"added_on": "2026-08-31",
			"citation": "−3.1% total veterinary visits, 2025 vs 2024 (Vetsource, 2026-01-15; via PupPilot Verified Veterinary Statistics) https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#vetsource-2025-visits",
			"anchorUrl": "https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#vetsource-2025-visits"
		},
		{
			"slug": "vetsource-visits-per-patient",
			"status": "verified",
			"category": "practice-economics",
			"question": "How often does the average patient visit?",
			"figure": "2.39",
			"unit": "visits per active patient per year across Vetsource-tracked practices",
			"construct": "Average annual visits per active patient in a large practice network (network visits fell 2.7% between August 2021 and August 2023).",
			"source": {
				"publisher": "AVMA (citing VetSource network data)",
				"title": "AVMA news analysis of VetSource data",
				"date": "2023-11",
				"url": "https://www.avma.org/news"
			},
			"sample": "Vetsource-tracked US practices; network data, not a population sample",
			"method": "PIMS transaction telemetry via association reporting",
			"strength": "vendor-disclosed",
			"cannot_support": "Population-wide per-pet averages — network practices are not all US pets. AVMA's dated household-survey means (1.5 dog / 0.7 cat) are 2016 vintage; label or drop them.",
			"scope": [],
			"verified_on": "2026-08-31",
			"added_on": "2026-08-31",
			"citation": "2.39 visits per active patient per year across Vetsource-tracked practices (AVMA (citing VetSource network data), 2023-11; via PupPilot Verified Veterinary Statistics) https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#vetsource-visits-per-patient",
			"anchorUrl": "https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#vetsource-visits-per-patient"
		},
		{
			"slug": "vetsource-lapsed-stock",
			"status": "verified",
			"category": "practice-economics",
			"question": "How many patients quietly lapse?",
			"figure": "≈20%",
			"unit": "of the average practice's active patient count has no transaction in over 18 months",
			"construct": "Lapsed patients as a share of the active patient base — a stock at a point in time, not an annual churn rate.",
			"source": {
				"publisher": "Vetsource",
				"title": "Practice Overview data",
				"date": "2024",
				"url": "https://vetsource.com/resources/"
			},
			"sample": "Vetsource practice panel; methodology undisclosed",
			"method": "Vendor analysis of PIMS data",
			"strength": "vendor-undisclosed",
			"cannot_support": "An annual churn rate — this is a stock measure at a point in time.",
			"scope": [],
			"verified_on": "2026-08-31",
			"added_on": "2026-08-31",
			"citation": "≈20% of the average practice's active patient count has no transaction in over 18 months (Vetsource, 2024; via PupPilot Verified Veterinary Statistics) https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#vetsource-lapsed-stock",
			"anchorUrl": "https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#vetsource-lapsed-stock"
		},
		{
			"slug": "aaha-compliance-2003",
			"status": "verified",
			"category": "practice-economics",
			"question": "How compliant are veterinary clients with recommendations?",
			"figure": "48%",
			"unit": "compliance with heartworm-preventive recommendations (2003)",
			"figures": [
				{
					"value": "48%",
					"label": "heartworm-preventive recommendations"
				},
				{
					"value": "35%",
					"label": "dental treatment (grade 2+ disease)"
				},
				{
					"value": "87%",
					"label": "core vaccines"
				},
				{
					"value": "64% → 73%",
					"label": "overall compliance, 2003 to the 2009 follow-up"
				}
			],
			"construct": "The canonical AAHA compliance measurements. Key insight: much “noncompliance” is a recommendation never made.",
			"source": {
				"publisher": "AAHA",
				"title": "The Path to High-Quality Care (2003) and Compliance: Taking Quality Care to the Next Level (2009)",
				"date": "2003/2009",
				"url": "https://www.aaha.org"
			},
			"sample": "2003 study: 240 practices plus ~1,400 medical-record audits; 2009 follow-up survey",
			"method": "Association field study with record audits (out of print; figures verified via contemporaneous dvm360 coverage)",
			"strength": "association",
			"cannot_support": "Current compliance rates — this is 2003/2009 canonical data, still the only benchmark that exists. Label the vintage whenever quoted.",
			"scope": [
				"archival"
			],
			"verified_on": "2026-08-31",
			"added_on": "2026-08-31",
			"citation": "48% compliance with heartworm-preventive recommendations (2003) (AAHA, 2003/2009; via PupPilot Verified Veterinary Statistics) https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#aaha-compliance-2003",
			"anchorUrl": "https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#aaha-compliance-2003"
		},
		{
			"slug": "no-show-verified-absence",
			"status": "verified",
			"category": "practice-economics",
			"question": "What is the veterinary no-show rate?",
			"figure": "0 studies",
			"unit": "peer-reviewed US veterinary no-show rate measurements in the published literature",
			"construct": "A verified absence: PubMed returns no results for veterinary no-show appointment terms, and the one 2025 community-clinic paper describes the problem without publishing a rate.",
			"source": {
				"publisher": "PupPilot verification pass",
				"title": "Verified absence: veterinary no-show rate",
				"date": "2026-08-31",
				"url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/"
			},
			"sample": "PubMed search across veterinary no-show / missed-appointment terms, August 2026",
			"method": "Literature search — publishing the absence as the finding",
			"strength": "verified-absence",
			"cannot_support": "An industry no-show benchmark — none has been published. A practice's own PIMS is the reliable source for its rate.",
			"scope": [],
			"verified_on": "2026-08-31",
			"added_on": "2026-08-31",
			"citation": "0 studies peer-reviewed US veterinary no-show rate measurements in the published literature (PupPilot verification pass, 2026-08-31; via PupPilot Verified Veterinary Statistics) https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#no-show-verified-absence",
			"anchorUrl": "https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#no-show-verified-absence"
		},
		{
			"slug": "brakke-price-sensitivity",
			"status": "verified",
			"category": "practice-economics",
			"question": "Are veterinary clients becoming more price-sensitive?",
			"figure": "81%",
			"unit": "of veterinarians report clients have become more price-sensitive (2025, up from 72%)",
			"construct": "Practitioner perception of client price sensitivity, tracked year over year.",
			"source": {
				"publisher": "Brakke Consulting via AVMA",
				"title": "Brakke practitioner survey, reported by AVMA news",
				"date": "2026-02",
				"url": "https://www.avma.org/news/survey-results-highlight-pet-owner-price-sensitivity-veterinary-services"
			},
			"sample": "~350 practitioner respondents",
			"method": "Named-firm practitioner survey",
			"strength": "named-firm",
			"cannot_support": "Client behavior — this measures what veterinarians perceive, not what clients do.",
			"scope": [],
			"verified_on": "2026-08-31",
			"added_on": "2026-08-31",
			"citation": "81% of veterinarians report clients have become more price-sensitive (2025, up from 72%) (Brakke Consulting via AVMA, 2026-02; via PupPilot Verified Veterinary Statistics) https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#brakke-price-sensitivity",
			"anchorUrl": "https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#brakke-price-sensitivity"
		},
		{
			"slug": "bls-veterinary-cpi",
			"status": "verified",
			"category": "practice-economics",
			"question": "How fast are veterinary prices rising?",
			"figure": "+4.7% vs +3.4%",
			"unit": "veterinary-services CPI vs all-items CPI, year over year, July 2026",
			"figures": [
				{
					"value": "+4.7%",
					"label": "veterinary-services CPI, year-over-year, July 2026"
				},
				{
					"value": "+3.4%",
					"label": "all-items CPI, year-over-year, July 2026"
				}
			],
			"construct": "Consumer-price inflation for veterinary services against the all-items index, computed from BLS series CUUR0000SS62054.",
			"source": {
				"publisher": "US Bureau of Labor Statistics",
				"title": "Consumer Price Index, series CUUR0000SS62054 (veterinary services)",
				"date": "2026-07",
				"url": "https://data.bls.gov/timeseries/CUUR0000SS62054"
			},
			"sample": "National CPI series",
			"method": "Government price index (computation from published index values)",
			"strength": "government",
			"cannot_support": "A fixed multiple of overall inflation — the relationship changes year to year, so date any comparison. (The veterinary series is CUUR0000SS62054; series CUUR0000SEEB03 is day care and preschool.)",
			"scope": [],
			"verified_on": "2026-08-31",
			"added_on": "2026-08-31",
			"citation": "+4.7% vs +3.4% veterinary-services CPI vs all-items CPI, year over year, July 2026 (US Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2026-07; via PupPilot Verified Veterinary Statistics) https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#bls-veterinary-cpi",
			"anchorUrl": "https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#bls-veterinary-cpi"
		},
		{
			"slug": "brakke-consolidation",
			"status": "verified",
			"category": "practice-economics",
			"question": "How much of veterinary medicine is corporate-owned?",
			"figure": "~25%",
			"unit": "of general practices are consolidator-owned",
			"figures": [
				{
					"value": "~25%",
					"label": "of general practices"
				},
				{
					"value": "~75%",
					"label": "of specialty and emergency practices"
				},
				{
					"value": "~50%",
					"label": "of revenue"
				}
			],
			"construct": "Brakke's consolidation estimates — the practice-count share and the revenue share are different denominators.",
			"source": {
				"publisher": "Brakke Consulting via AVMA and AAHA Trends",
				"title": "Brakke consolidation estimates",
				"date": "2021–22",
				"url": "https://www.avma.org/news"
			},
			"sample": "Analyst estimates, 2021–22; no primary publication with disclosed method",
			"method": "Named-firm market estimates",
			"strength": "named-firm",
			"cannot_support": "“Half of America's vet clinics are corporate-owned” — ~50% is the revenue share; the general-practice count share is ~25%. Dated estimates; label the vintage.",
			"scope": [
				"archival"
			],
			"verified_on": "2026-08-31",
			"added_on": "2026-08-31",
			"citation": "~25% of general practices are consolidator-owned (Brakke Consulting via AVMA and AAHA Trends, 2021–22; via PupPilot Verified Veterinary Statistics) https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#brakke-consolidation",
			"anchorUrl": "https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#brakke-consolidation"
		},
		{
			"slug": "ibisworld-industry-revenue",
			"status": "verified",
			"category": "practice-economics",
			"question": "How big is the US veterinary services industry?",
			"figure": "$72.6B",
			"unit": "US veterinary-services industry revenue, 2026 estimate (+1.4%)",
			"construct": "IBISWorld's market-size estimate for US veterinary services.",
			"source": {
				"publisher": "IBISWorld",
				"title": "Veterinary Services in the US — industry report (free-facing market size page)",
				"date": "2026",
				"url": "https://www.ibisworld.com/united-states/industry/veterinary-services/1447/"
			},
			"sample": "Model-based market estimate; methodology undisclosed",
			"method": "Named-firm industry model",
			"strength": "vendor-undisclosed",
			"cannot_support": "Precision beyond “IBISWorld estimates” — the model is not disclosed; treat as an order-of-magnitude figure.",
			"scope": [],
			"verified_on": "2026-08-31",
			"added_on": "2026-08-31",
			"citation": "$72.6B US veterinary-services industry revenue, 2026 estimate (+1.4%) (IBISWorld, 2026; via PupPilot Verified Veterinary Statistics) https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#ibisworld-industry-revenue",
			"anchorUrl": "https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#ibisworld-industry-revenue"
		},
		{
			"slug": "avma-online-scheduling",
			"status": "verified",
			"category": "technology-ai",
			"question": "How many veterinary practices offer online booking?",
			"figure": "33.4%",
			"unit": "of practices had online appointment scheduling (2024)",
			"construct": "The share of practices offering online scheduling — the cleanest published basis for the fact that most veterinary appointments still route through the phone.",
			"source": {
				"publisher": "AVMA",
				"title": "2025 Report on the Economic State of the Veterinary Profession",
				"date": "2025",
				"url": "https://www.avma.org/resources-tools/reports-statistics/economic-state-veterinary-profession"
			},
			"sample": "n=524 US practices, 8.8% response rate; 2024 fieldwork",
			"method": "Association practice survey",
			"strength": "association",
			"cannot_support": "A call-volume-reduction effect — this measures adoption only.",
			"scope": [],
			"verified_on": "2026-08-31",
			"added_on": "2026-08-31",
			"citation": "33.4% of practices had online appointment scheduling (2024) (AVMA, 2025; via PupPilot Verified Veterinary Statistics) https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#avma-online-scheduling",
			"anchorUrl": "https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#avma-online-scheduling"
		},
		{
			"slug": "avma-tech-adoption-suite",
			"status": "verified",
			"category": "technology-ai",
			"question": "What technology do veterinary practices actually use?",
			"figure": "76.5%",
			"unit": "of practices use a practice management system — the most-adopted of seven technologies surveyed (2024)",
			"figures": [
				{
					"value": "76.5%",
					"label": "practice management system (PIMS)"
				},
				{
					"value": "66.8%",
					"label": "electronic medical records"
				},
				{
					"value": "64.1%",
					"label": "online pharmacy"
				},
				{
					"value": "59.9%",
					"label": "client-communication software integrated with the PIMS"
				},
				{
					"value": "33.4%",
					"label": "online appointment scheduling"
				},
				{
					"value": "29.2%",
					"label": "telehealth — the least-utilized of the seven"
				}
			],
			"construct": "Practice-level adoption across the seven technologies AVMA surveyed. 75.1% of owners describe their practice's digital pace as “about right.”",
			"source": {
				"publisher": "AVMA",
				"title": "2025 Report on the Economic State of the Veterinary Profession (pp. 51–52)",
				"date": "2025",
				"url": "https://www.avma.org/resources-tools/reports-statistics/economic-state-veterinary-profession"
			},
			"sample": "n=524 US practices, 94% independent",
			"method": "Association practice survey",
			"strength": "association",
			"cannot_support": "Individual-professional usage — these are practice-level adoption rates.",
			"scope": [],
			"verified_on": "2026-08-31",
			"added_on": "2026-08-31",
			"citation": "76.5% of practices use a practice management system — the most-adopted of seven technologies surveyed (2024) (AVMA, 2025; via PupPilot Verified Veterinary Statistics) https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#avma-tech-adoption-suite",
			"anchorUrl": "https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#avma-tech-adoption-suite"
		},
		{
			"slug": "instinct-tech-adoption",
			"status": "verified",
			"category": "technology-ai",
			"question": "Are veterinary practices adopting AI?",
			"figure": "48%",
			"unit": "of general practices use AI in some capacity",
			"figures": [
				{
					"value": "91%",
					"label": "adopted or changed at least one technology in the past year"
				},
				{
					"value": "48%",
					"label": "use AI in some capacity — led by records/SOAP notes (63%) and diagnostic assistance (38%)"
				}
			],
			"construct": "Practice-level technology and AI adoption in a vendor-funded, third-party-fielded survey.",
			"source": {
				"publisher": "Instinct Science",
				"title": "The State of General Practice Veterinary Care, 2026 Edition",
				"date": "2026-03-03",
				"url": "https://instinct.vet/blog/2026-state-of-general-practice-veterinary-care-overview/"
			},
			"sample": "n=763 veterinary professionals; fielded by UserEvidence",
			"method": "Vendor-funded survey, third-party fielded",
			"strength": "vendor-disclosed",
			"cannot_support": "Attribution to aggregators — the survey was conducted by Instinct Science and fielded by UserEvidence.",
			"scope": [],
			"verified_on": "2026-08-31",
			"added_on": "2026-08-31",
			"citation": "48% of general practices use AI in some capacity (Instinct Science, 2026-03-03; via PupPilot Verified Veterinary Statistics) https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#instinct-tech-adoption",
			"anchorUrl": "https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#instinct-tech-adoption"
		},
		{
			"slug": "ajvr-ai-use",
			"status": "verified",
			"category": "technology-ai",
			"question": "How many veterinary professionals use AI at work?",
			"figure": "39.2%",
			"unit": "of veterinary professionals use AI at work",
			"figures": [
				{
					"value": "39.2%",
					"label": "use AI at work (69.5% of users daily or weekly)"
				},
				{
					"value": "83.8%",
					"label": "are familiar with AI"
				},
				{
					"value": "43.1% / 36.9%",
					"label": "optimistic / skeptical about AI"
				}
			],
			"construct": "Individual-level AI use, familiarity, and sentiment among veterinary professionals.",
			"source": {
				"publisher": "AJVR",
				"title": "Veterinary professionals' attitudes toward artificial intelligence (Gabor, Danylenko & Voegeli)",
				"date": "2025",
				"doi": "10.2460/ajvr.24.10.0293",
				"url": "https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.24.10.0293"
			},
			"sample": "n=3,968, recruited via AAHA and Digitail channels, December 2023 – January 2024; convenience sample with a tech-adjacent skew",
			"method": "Peer-reviewed survey",
			"strength": "peer-reviewed",
			"cannot_support": "Practice-level adoption or population inference — the unit is individuals and the sample is convenience; the 2026 wave of this survey is not yet published.",
			"scope": [],
			"verified_on": "2026-08-31",
			"added_on": "2026-08-31",
			"citation": "39.2% of veterinary professionals use AI at work (AJVR, 2025; via PupPilot Verified Veterinary Statistics) https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#ajvr-ai-use",
			"anchorUrl": "https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#ajvr-ai-use"
		},
		{
			"slug": "plos-owner-urgency",
			"status": "verified",
			"category": "triage-clinical",
			"question": "Can pet owners judge how urgent a condition is?",
			"figure": "28.4%",
			"unit": "of vignette responses judged a condition less urgent than veterinary consensus",
			"construct": "UK dog owners assessed hypothetical condition vignettes against a veterinary consensus benchmark; underestimation ranged from 2.2% (cataracts) to 56.5% (otitis externa).",
			"source": {
				"publisher": "PLOS One",
				"title": "To see or not to see the vet: decision-making by UK dog owners for commonly presenting conditions (Farrow, O'Neill & Packer)",
				"date": "2026-01-16",
				"doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0339723",
				"url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0339723"
			},
			"sample": "n=1,772 UK dog owners; 5,316 vignette responses across 30 conditions, benchmarked to 14 general practitioners",
			"method": "Peer-reviewed vignette study",
			"strength": "peer-reviewed",
			"cannot_support": "Real-world triage error rates — vignettes measure judgment on hypotheticals, and this is UK data.",
			"scope": [
				"non-us"
			],
			"verified_on": "2026-08-31",
			"added_on": "2026-08-31",
			"citation": "28.4% of vignette responses judged a condition less urgent than veterinary consensus (PLOS One, 2026-01-16; via PupPilot Verified Veterinary Statistics) https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#plos-owner-urgency",
			"anchorUrl": "https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#plos-owner-urgency"
		},
		{
			"slug": "cureus-frontdesk-triage",
			"status": "verified",
			"category": "triage-clinical",
			"question": "How well do untrained front desks triage urgent calls?",
			"figure": "21.5%",
			"unit": "of emergent scenarios were correctly triaged by front-desk staff",
			"construct": "Mystery-call audit of (human) OB/GYN front desks: 21.5% of emergent scenarios triaged correctly, and 29.4% of urgent callers were wrongly directed to the ER.",
			"source": {
				"publisher": "Cureus",
				"title": "Mystery-caller assessment of telephone triage in OB/GYN offices (Mandell et al.), 2025;17(9):e92541",
				"date": "2025",
				"doi": "10.7759/cureus.92541",
				"url": "https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.92541"
			},
			"sample": "1,114 mystery calls to 557 OB/GYN offices across 48 US states; open access",
			"method": "Peer-reviewed mystery-call audit",
			"strength": "peer-reviewed",
			"cannot_support": "Veterinary triage rates — this is human medicine; it is here as the best measurement of what untrained telephone triage looks like anywhere.",
			"scope": [
				"non-veterinary"
			],
			"verified_on": "2026-08-31",
			"added_on": "2026-08-31",
			"citation": "21.5% of emergent scenarios were correctly triaged by front-desk staff (Cureus, 2025; via PupPilot Verified Veterinary Statistics) https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#cureus-frontdesk-triage",
			"anchorUrl": "https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#cureus-frontdesk-triage"
		},
		{
			"slug": "teletriage-er-referral",
			"status": "verified",
			"category": "triage-clinical",
			"question": "How many teletriage calls actually need the ER?",
			"figure": "23%",
			"unit": "of vet-led video teletriage consults for canine GI signs ended in an ER-referral recommendation",
			"construct": "In 1,575 veterinarian-led video teletriage consultations for canine gastrointestinal signs, 77% were not referred to emergency care.",
			"source": {
				"publisher": "Open Veterinary Journal",
				"title": "Video teletriage outcomes for canine gastrointestinal presentations (Ireifej, Morello & Lesser)",
				"date": "2026-01",
				"doi": "10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i1.33",
				"url": "https://doi.org/10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i1.33"
			},
			"sample": "1,575 consults; open access; the first author founded the teletriage service (disclosed)",
			"method": "Peer-reviewed retrospective of teletriage consults",
			"strength": "peer-reviewed",
			"cannot_support": "Outcome claims — these are referral recommendations, not outcomes, and gastrointestinal presentations only.",
			"scope": [],
			"verified_on": "2026-08-31",
			"added_on": "2026-08-31",
			"citation": "23% of vet-led video teletriage consults for canine GI signs ended in an ER-referral recommendation (Open Veterinary Journal, 2026-01; via PupPilot Verified Veterinary Statistics) https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#teletriage-er-referral",
			"anchorUrl": "https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#teletriage-er-referral"
		},
		{
			"slug": "joii-video-consults",
			"status": "verified",
			"category": "triage-clinical",
			"question": "What share of video vet consults turn out to be emergencies?",
			"figure": "~5.5%",
			"unit": "of UK non-prescription video consults ended with an emergency in-person recommendation",
			"construct": "Clinical audit of a UK veterinary telemedicine app, April–October 2020: of 21,383 total consults, 17,482 non-prescription consults were audited for emergency escalation.",
			"source": {
				"publisher": "Veterinary Evidence (RCVS Knowledge)",
				"title": "Clinical audit of remote consultations via a veterinary video telemedicine smartphone application (Smith et al.), Vol 7 No 2",
				"date": "2022",
				"url": "https://veterinaryevidence.org/index.php/ve/article/view/553"
			},
			"sample": "n=17,482 non-prescription consults of 21,383 total, UK, April–October 2020; authors affiliated with the app vendor (Vet-AI/Joii)",
			"method": "Peer-reviewed clinical audit",
			"strength": "peer-reviewed",
			"cannot_support": "Current or US rates — COVID-era UK data with vendor-affiliated authors; all three caveats travel with the figure.",
			"scope": [
				"non-us",
				"archival"
			],
			"verified_on": "2026-08-31",
			"added_on": "2026-08-31",
			"citation": "~5.5% of UK non-prescription video consults ended with an emergency in-person recommendation (Veterinary Evidence (RCVS Knowledge), 2022; via PupPilot Verified Veterinary Statistics) https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#joii-video-consults",
			"anchorUrl": "https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#joii-video-consults"
		},
		{
			"slug": "digital-rehab-adherence",
			"status": "verified",
			"category": "triage-clinical",
			"question": "Do digital follow-ups improve home-care compliance?",
			"figure": "7 of 10",
			"unit": "RCTs found adding a digital component to home exercise rehab significantly improved adherence",
			"construct": "Systematic review of randomized trials of digitally supported home rehabilitation in human physiotherapy.",
			"source": {
				"publisher": "Archives of Physiotherapy",
				"title": "Digital support for home exercise programmes: systematic review (Lang, McLelland, MacDonald & Hamilton), 2022;12(1)",
				"date": "2022",
				"doi": "10.1186/s40945-022-00148-z",
				"url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s40945-022-00148-z"
			},
			"sample": "10 randomized controlled trials, n=1,117 (human rehabilitation)",
			"method": "Peer-reviewed systematic review",
			"strength": "peer-reviewed",
			"cannot_support": "Veterinary or long-term effects — human rehab, and the authors hedge the effect as short-term.",
			"scope": [
				"non-veterinary"
			],
			"verified_on": "2026-08-31",
			"added_on": "2026-08-31",
			"citation": "7 of 10 RCTs found adding a digital component to home exercise rehab significantly improved adherence (Archives of Physiotherapy, 2022; via PupPilot Verified Veterinary Statistics) https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#digital-rehab-adherence",
			"anchorUrl": "https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#digital-rehab-adherence"
		},
		{
			"slug": "appa-pet-spending",
			"status": "verified",
			"category": "pet-owners",
			"question": "How much do Americans spend on pets?",
			"figure": "$158B",
			"unit": "total US pet spending, 2025 actual (+3.7%)",
			"figures": [
				{
					"value": "$158B",
					"label": "total US pet spending, 2025 actual (+3.7%)"
				},
				{
					"value": "$41.0B",
					"label": "veterinary care and product sales segment"
				},
				{
					"value": "$165B",
					"label": "projected for 2026"
				}
			],
			"construct": "APPA's industry spending totals.",
			"source": {
				"publisher": "APPA",
				"title": "State of the Industry (March 2026 release + public statistics page)",
				"date": "2026-03",
				"url": "https://americanpetproducts.org/industry-trends-and-stats"
			},
			"sample": "Industry aggregate; methodology undisclosed. 2025 actuals as published; the 2026 figure is APPA's projection",
			"method": "Association industry estimate",
			"strength": "association",
			"cannot_support": "“Veterinary spending was $41B” — the segment includes veterinary product sales, not just services.",
			"scope": [],
			"verified_on": "2026-08-31",
			"added_on": "2026-08-31",
			"citation": "$158B total US pet spending, 2025 actual (+3.7%) (APPA, 2026-03; via PupPilot Verified Veterinary Statistics) https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#appa-pet-spending",
			"anchorUrl": "https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#appa-pet-spending"
		},
		{
			"slug": "appa-pet-households",
			"status": "verified",
			"category": "pet-owners",
			"question": "How many US households own a pet?",
			"figure": "95M",
			"unit": "US households owning a pet (2025 National Pet Owners Survey)",
			"construct": "APPA's household ownership count. Publish the count, not a percentage — no overall ownership percentage appears on any live APPA page.",
			"source": {
				"publisher": "APPA",
				"title": "2025 National Pet Owners Survey",
				"date": "2025",
				"url": "https://americanpetproducts.org/industry-trends-and-stats"
			},
			"sample": "APPA National Pet Owners Survey panel",
			"method": "Association consumer survey",
			"strength": "association",
			"cannot_support": "An ownership percentage — no current percentage appears on APPA's published pages; the household count is the stated figure.",
			"scope": [],
			"verified_on": "2026-08-31",
			"added_on": "2026-08-31",
			"citation": "95M US households owning a pet (2025 National Pet Owners Survey) (APPA, 2025; via PupPilot Verified Veterinary Statistics) https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#appa-pet-households",
			"anchorUrl": "https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#appa-pet-households"
		},
		{
			"slug": "avma-ownership-rates",
			"status": "verified",
			"category": "pet-owners",
			"question": "What share of US households have a dog or cat, and what do they spend at the vet?",
			"figure": "42.6%",
			"unit": "of US households own a dog",
			"figures": [
				{
					"value": "42.6%",
					"label": "of households own dogs (56.3M households; 87.3M dogs)"
				},
				{
					"value": "32.6%",
					"label": "of households own cats (43.1M households; 76.3M cats)"
				},
				{
					"value": "$598",
					"label": "mean annual veterinary spend per dog-owning household"
				},
				{
					"value": "$529",
					"label": "mean annual veterinary spend per cat-owning household"
				}
			],
			"construct": "AVMA's household ownership rates, pet populations, and mean annual veterinary spend per owning household.",
			"source": {
				"publisher": "AVMA",
				"title": "2025 Pet Ownership & Demographics Sourcebook (public summary)",
				"date": "2025",
				"url": "https://www.avma.org/resources-tools/reports-statistics/us-pet-ownership-statistics"
			},
			"sample": "n=7,519, weighted opt-in panel, fielded spring 2025",
			"method": "Association household survey",
			"strength": "association",
			"cannot_support": "Blending with APPA's household figures — the methodologies differ materially, and the two sets should never be mixed in one sentence.",
			"scope": [],
			"verified_on": "2026-08-31",
			"added_on": "2026-08-31",
			"citation": "42.6% of US households own a dog (AVMA, 2025; via PupPilot Verified Veterinary Statistics) https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#avma-ownership-rates",
			"anchorUrl": "https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#avma-ownership-rates"
		},
		{
			"slug": "bls-pet-spending",
			"status": "verified",
			"category": "pet-owners",
			"question": "What does the average US household spend on pets?",
			"figure": "$880",
			"unit": "mean annual “Pets” spend per US consumer unit, 2024 — across ALL households, pet-owning or not",
			"construct": "BLS Consumer Expenditure Survey mean for the Pets category, averaged over every consumer unit.",
			"source": {
				"publisher": "US Bureau of Labor Statistics",
				"title": "Consumer Expenditure Survey, series CXUPETSLB0101M",
				"date": "2024",
				"url": "https://www.bls.gov/cex/"
			},
			"sample": "National CE survey; 2025 data lands ~September 2026",
			"method": "Government expenditure survey",
			"strength": "government",
			"cannot_support": "Per-pet-owner spending — the denominator is all households. (A commonly cited $1,733 figure is a third-party re-analysis of CE microdata, not a BLS-published number.)",
			"scope": [],
			"verified_on": "2026-08-31",
			"added_on": "2026-08-31",
			"citation": "$880 mean annual “Pets” spend per US consumer unit, 2024 — across ALL households, pet-owning or not (US Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2024; via PupPilot Verified Veterinary Statistics) https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#bls-pet-spending",
			"anchorUrl": "https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#bls-pet-spending"
		},
		{
			"slug": "naphia-pet-insurance",
			"status": "verified",
			"category": "pet-owners",
			"question": "How many pets are insured, and what does pet insurance cost?",
			"figure": "4.27%",
			"unit": "of US pets are insured (year-end 2025)",
			"figures": [
				{
					"value": "7.6M",
					"label": "insured pets in North America, year-end 2025 (up 8.5% from 7.03M)"
				},
				{
					"value": "+9.0%",
					"label": "US insured-pet growth, 2024 to 2025"
				},
				{
					"value": "4.27%",
					"label": "US penetration rate (dogs 5.99%, cats 2.29%)"
				},
				{
					"value": "$836",
					"label": "average US accident & illness premium, dogs"
				},
				{
					"value": "$435",
					"label": "average US accident & illness premium, cats"
				},
				{
					"value": "$5.7B",
					"label": "US gross written premium (+19.7%)"
				}
			],
			"construct": "NAPHIA's industry totals for insured pets, growth, penetration, and average premiums — US penetration measured against 163.6M owned pets (87.3M dogs and 76.3M cats, per AVMA 2025).",
			"source": {
				"publisher": "NAPHIA",
				"title": "State of the Industry Report 2026 (compiled by Willis Towers Watson from carriers representing ~99% of premium)",
				"date": "2026-06-21",
				"url": "https://naphia.org/industry-data/"
			},
			"sample": "Carrier-reported data covering ~99% of written US/Canada premium; public data page + highlights PDF",
			"method": "Association census of carriers, compiled by an independent actuarial firm",
			"strength": "association",
			"cannot_support": "A share of pet owners — penetration is a share of pets. The US absolute insured-pet count appears only as a chart datapoint in the public highlights; the figures here are the ones stated in text.",
			"scope": [],
			"note": "Confirmed against the public 2026 highlights PDF; some secondary coverage reports different premium figures, and the numbers above are as stated in the primary document.",
			"verified_on": "2026-08-31",
			"added_on": "2026-08-31",
			"citation": "4.27% of US pets are insured (year-end 2025) (NAPHIA, 2026-06-21; via PupPilot Verified Veterinary Statistics) https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#naphia-pet-insurance",
			"anchorUrl": "https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#naphia-pet-insurance"
		},
		{
			"slug": "synchrony-lifetime-cost",
			"status": "verified",
			"category": "pet-owners",
			"question": "What does a dog cost over its lifetime?",
			"figure": "$22,125–$60,602",
			"unit": "modeled 15-year lifetime cost of dog care",
			"figures": [
				{
					"value": "$22,125–$60,602",
					"label": "modeled 15-year cost of dog care"
				},
				{
					"value": "$20,073–$47,106",
					"label": "modeled 15-year cost of cat care"
				},
				{
					"value": "~8 in 10",
					"label": "owners underestimate lifetime costs"
				},
				{
					"value": "31%",
					"label": "could comfortably absorb a major unexpected expense"
				},
				{
					"value": "58%",
					"label": "have used a credit card for pet care"
				}
			],
			"construct": "Synchrony's modeled lifetime cost ranges and owner-finance findings.",
			"source": {
				"publisher": "Synchrony",
				"title": "Pet Lifetime of Care Study 2025",
				"date": "2025",
				"url": "https://www.synchrony.com/"
			},
			"sample": "n=4,861 US pet owners, fielded January 31 – February 22, 2025; press-release level; modeling assumptions unpublished; Synchrony owns CareCredit",
			"method": "Vendor-commissioned survey with cost modeling",
			"strength": "vendor-disclosed",
			"cannot_support": "“The average lifetime cost of a dog” — these are modeled ranges that include non-veterinary spending, and the modeling assumptions are unpublished.",
			"scope": [],
			"verified_on": "2026-08-31",
			"added_on": "2026-08-31",
			"citation": "$22,125–$60,602 modeled 15-year lifetime cost of dog care (Synchrony, 2025; via PupPilot Verified Veterinary Statistics) https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#synchrony-lifetime-cost",
			"anchorUrl": "https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#synchrony-lifetime-cost"
		},
		{
			"slug": "gallup-skipped-care",
			"status": "verified",
			"category": "pet-owners",
			"question": "How many pet owners skip veterinary care over cost?",
			"figure": "52%",
			"unit": "of US dog and cat owners have skipped or declined needed veterinary care",
			"figures": [
				{
					"value": "52%",
					"label": "skipped or declined needed veterinary care"
				},
				{
					"value": "71%",
					"label": "of those cite cost as the key factor"
				},
				{
					"value": "64%",
					"label": "could at least double lifesaving-care spending with an interest-free 12-month plan"
				},
				{
					"value": "23%",
					"label": "say they have ever been offered such a plan"
				},
				{
					"value": "41%",
					"label": "of veterinarians say they often or always offer financing (companion wave)"
				}
			],
			"construct": "Probability-panel measurement of skipped care and financing — note the gap between the 41% practitioner perception and the 23% client report.",
			"source": {
				"publisher": "Gallup with PetSmart Charities",
				"title": "State of Pet Care study",
				"date": "2025",
				"url": "https://news.gallup.com/poll/659057/pet-owners-skipped-declined-veterinary-care.aspx"
			},
			"sample": "n=2,498 US dog/cat owners, probability panel, fielded November 13, 2024 – January 9, 2025; practitioner wave n=933, September–October 2025, ±3.3pp",
			"method": "Named-firm probability-panel survey",
			"strength": "named-firm",
			"cannot_support": "Clinical-outcome claims — this measures reported skipping and reported financing offers; the 41%-vs-23% gap contrasts practitioner perception with client reports.",
			"scope": [],
			"verified_on": "2026-08-31",
			"added_on": "2026-08-31",
			"citation": "52% of US dog and cat owners have skipped or declined needed veterinary care (Gallup with PetSmart Charities, 2025; via PupPilot Verified Veterinary Statistics) https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#gallup-skipped-care",
			"anchorUrl": "https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#gallup-skipped-care"
		},
		{
			"slug": "avcc-care-barriers",
			"status": "verified",
			"category": "pet-owners",
			"question": "How many pet owners face barriers to veterinary care?",
			"figure": "~28%",
			"unit": "of pet-owning households experienced a barrier to veterinary care (2017–18)",
			"construct": "The foundational access-to-care measurement; financial reasons were behind 80% of unobtained preventive care.",
			"source": {
				"publisher": "Access to Veterinary Care Coalition / University of Tennessee",
				"title": "Access to Veterinary Care: Barriers, Current Practices, and Public Policy",
				"date": "2018-12",
				"url": "https://news.utk.edu/"
			},
			"sample": "US household survey, 2017–18; the full report PDF is delinked from utk.edu — headline verified at the UT news release; the commonly cited n could not be re-verified",
			"method": "University-hosted coalition study",
			"strength": "association",
			"cannot_support": "Current rates — the fieldwork is 2017–18; Gallup/PetSmart (2025) is the modern successor. Label the vintage.",
			"scope": [
				"archival"
			],
			"verified_on": "2026-08-31",
			"added_on": "2026-08-31",
			"citation": "~28% of pet-owning households experienced a barrier to veterinary care (2017–18) (Access to Veterinary Care Coalition / University of Tennessee, 2018-12; via PupPilot Verified Veterinary Statistics) https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#avcc-care-barriers",
			"anchorUrl": "https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#avcc-care-barriers"
		},
		{
			"slug": "habri-bond",
			"status": "verified",
			"category": "pet-owners",
			"question": "Does the human-animal bond drive veterinary visits?",
			"figure": "95%",
			"unit": "of owners call their pet family (2021 8-country wave)",
			"figures": [
				{
					"value": "95%",
					"label": "call their pet family"
				},
				{
					"value": "71%",
					"label": "visit the vet 2+ times a year among high-bond owners"
				},
				{
					"value": "62%",
					"label": "among mid-bond owners"
				},
				{
					"value": "45%",
					"label": "among low-bond owners"
				}
			],
			"construct": "International bond survey linking self-reported bond strength to visit frequency.",
			"source": {
				"publisher": "HABRI / Zoetis",
				"title": "International survey of pet owners and veterinarians (CM Research)",
				"date": "2021",
				"url": "https://habri.org/"
			},
			"sample": "n=16,140 across 8 countries (2021 wave); press-release level. habri.org now shows an expanded 10-country dataset where the figures are 94% and 71/61/48 — cite one wave, labeled, never blended",
			"method": "Association/vendor international survey",
			"strength": "vendor-disclosed",
			"cannot_support": "Causality, or US-only claims — international survey data showing association between bond and visits.",
			"scope": [
				"non-us"
			],
			"verified_on": "2026-08-31",
			"added_on": "2026-08-31",
			"citation": "95% of owners call their pet family (2021 8-country wave) (HABRI / Zoetis, 2021; via PupPilot Verified Veterinary Statistics) https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#habri-bond",
			"anchorUrl": "https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#habri-bond"
		},
		{
			"slug": "avma-visit-gap",
			"status": "verified",
			"category": "pet-owners",
			"question": "How many pet owners actually visit the vet each year?",
			"figure": "74.2%",
			"unit": "of dog-owning households had at least one veterinary visit in the past year (2024)",
			"figures": [
				{
					"value": "74.2%",
					"label": "dog owners with at least one veterinary visit in the past year"
				},
				{
					"value": "57.3%",
					"label": "cat owners with at least one visit"
				},
				{
					"value": "86.8%",
					"label": "dog owners who report having a regular veterinarian"
				},
				{
					"value": "77.1%",
					"label": "cat owners who report having a regular veterinarian"
				}
			],
			"construct": "The gap between having a regular veterinarian and going. Modal visit frequency: twice yearly for dogs (56.5% of visiting owners), once yearly for cats (44.9%).",
			"source": {
				"publisher": "AVMA",
				"title": "AVMA news and chart of the month (2024 Sourcebook data)",
				"date": "2024",
				"url": "https://www.avma.org/news"
			},
			"sample": "n=7,539, weighted household panel",
			"method": "Association household survey",
			"strength": "association",
			"cannot_support": "The share of PETS seen annually — these are household rates, and multi-pet households complicate per-pet inference.",
			"scope": [],
			"verified_on": "2026-08-31",
			"added_on": "2026-08-31",
			"citation": "74.2% of dog-owning households had at least one veterinary visit in the past year (2024) (AVMA, 2024; via PupPilot Verified Veterinary Statistics) https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#avma-visit-gap",
			"anchorUrl": "https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#avma-visit-gap"
		},
		{
			"slug": "shortage-model-mars-lloyd",
			"status": "verified",
			"category": "workforce-shortage",
			"question": "Is there a veterinarian shortage?",
			"figure": "14,000–24,000",
			"unit": "projected shortage of companion-animal veterinarians by 2030 (Mars / Lloyd model)",
			"construct": "A demand model built from pet-spending growth, projecting a companion-animal shortfall of roughly 11–18%; the report's larger “up to 55,000” figure is total need, not shortage.",
			"source": {
				"publisher": "Mars Veterinary Health",
				"title": "Pet Healthcare in the US: Another Look at the Veterinarian Workforce (James Lloyd, Animal Health Economics)",
				"date": "2023-08",
				"url": "https://www.marsveterinary.com/media/uploads/2023/08/Characterizing-the-Need.pdf"
			},
			"sample": "Economic demand model; methodology PDF public on marsveterinary.com",
			"method": "Commissioned economic model",
			"strength": "vendor-disclosed",
			"cannot_support": "Profession-wide claims — companion-animal only; and never “a 55,000 shortage,” which misreads total need as shortfall.",
			"scope": [],
			"verified_on": "2026-08-31",
			"added_on": "2026-08-31",
			"citation": "14,000–24,000 projected shortage of companion-animal veterinarians by 2030 (Mars / Lloyd model) (Mars Veterinary Health, 2023-08; via PupPilot Verified Veterinary Statistics) https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#shortage-model-mars-lloyd",
			"anchorUrl": "https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#shortage-model-mars-lloyd"
		},
		{
			"slug": "shortage-model-avma-brakke",
			"status": "verified",
			"category": "workforce-shortage",
			"question": "Is there a veterinarian shortage?",
			"figure": "“Remote”",
			"unit": "likelihood of longer-term shortages — capacity adequate through ~2035 (AVMA / Brakke model)",
			"construct": "The AVMA-commissioned forecast concluding national capacity is adequate, noting 13 proposed new veterinary schools (~40% capacity growth).",
			"source": {
				"publisher": "AVMA / Brakke Consulting",
				"title": "Veterinary workforce forecast, presented October 2024, published in JAVMA",
				"date": "2024",
				"doi": "10.2460/javma.24.09.0624",
				"url": "https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.24.09.0624"
			},
			"sample": "National workforce forecast model",
			"method": "Peer-reviewed commissioned forecast",
			"strength": "peer-reviewed",
			"cannot_support": "“No shortage anywhere” — rural and food-animal gaps are excluded from the adequacy claim.",
			"scope": [],
			"verified_on": "2026-08-31",
			"added_on": "2026-08-31",
			"citation": "“Remote” likelihood of longer-term shortages — capacity adequate through ~2035 (AVMA / Brakke model) (AVMA / Brakke Consulting, 2024; via PupPilot Verified Veterinary Statistics) https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#shortage-model-avma-brakke",
			"anchorUrl": "https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#shortage-model-avma-brakke"
		},
		{
			"slug": "shortage-model-aavmc",
			"status": "verified",
			"category": "workforce-shortage",
			"question": "Is there a veterinarian shortage?",
			"figure": "~76% of need",
			"unit": "projected graduates cover about 76% of projected demand through 2032 (AAVMC / Gitter & LaFayette model)",
			"construct": "Independent economists project 70,092 veterinarians needed against 52,926 projected graduates through 2032 — graduates covering about 76% of projected need, most of which is replacement demand. The report's table figure for the difference is 17,166.",
			"source": {
				"publisher": "AAVMC",
				"title": "Demand for and Supply of Veterinarians in the U.S. to 2032 (Gitter & LaFayette)",
				"date": "2024-06",
				"url": "https://aavmc.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Demand-for-and-Supply-of-Veterinarians-in-the-U.S.-to-2032-New.pdf"
			},
			"sample": "National demand/supply projection by independent economists, AAVMC-hosted",
			"method": "Association-commissioned economic projection",
			"strength": "association",
			"cannot_support": "“17,166 unfilled jobs” — most of projected need is replacement demand, not vacancies. The three credible shortage models disagree; they are best quoted together.",
			"scope": [],
			"verified_on": "2026-08-31",
			"added_on": "2026-08-31",
			"citation": "~76% of need projected graduates cover about 76% of projected demand through 2032 (AAVMC / Gitter & LaFayette model) (AAVMC, 2024-06; via PupPilot Verified Veterinary Statistics) https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#shortage-model-aavmc",
			"anchorUrl": "https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#shortage-model-aavmc"
		},
		{
			"slug": "navta-tech-survey",
			"status": "verified",
			"category": "workforce-shortage",
			"question": "What do vet techs earn, and how satisfied are they?",
			"figure": "$32.89/hr",
			"unit": "average credentialed veterinary technician wage (NAVTA members)",
			"figures": [
				{
					"value": "$32.89/hr",
					"label": "average credentialed-tech wage (up from $26.50 in 2022)"
				},
				{
					"value": "8%",
					"label": "describe themselves as “extremely satisfied” (down from 25%)"
				},
				{
					"value": "57%",
					"label": "would choose the career again"
				}
			],
			"construct": "NAVTA's member survey of wages and career satisfaction.",
			"source": {
				"publisher": "NAVTA",
				"title": "2024 Demographic Survey",
				"date": "2024",
				"url": "https://navta.net/"
			},
			"sample": "n=1,404 NAVTA members, 83% credentialed",
			"method": "Association member survey",
			"strength": "association",
			"cannot_support": "National tech pay — the member sample skews credentialed; BLS's all-worker median is $47,380.",
			"scope": [],
			"verified_on": "2026-08-31",
			"added_on": "2026-08-31",
			"citation": "$32.89/hr average credentialed veterinary technician wage (NAVTA members) (NAVTA, 2024; via PupPilot Verified Veterinary Statistics) https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#navta-tech-survey",
			"anchorUrl": "https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#navta-tech-survey"
		},
		{
			"slug": "aaha-intent-to-leave",
			"status": "verified",
			"category": "workforce-shortage",
			"question": "How many veterinary staff are planning to leave?",
			"figure": "30%",
			"unit": "of practice team members plan to leave their current role",
			"construct": "AAHA's retention study measurement of intent to leave; about half of those planning to leave intend to exit clinical practice entirely.",
			"source": {
				"publisher": "AAHA",
				"title": "Stay, Please retention study",
				"date": "2023",
				"url": "https://www.aaha.org/resources/stay-please-phase-2/"
			},
			"sample": "~15,000 veterinary professionals; per-role turnover tables sit inside registration-gated white papers",
			"method": "Association workforce survey",
			"strength": "association",
			"cannot_support": "Realized turnover, or any per-role “turnover rate per AAHA” — only intent-to-leave is publicly verifiable until the gated white papers are opened.",
			"scope": [],
			"verified_on": "2026-08-31",
			"added_on": "2026-08-31",
			"citation": "30% of practice team members plan to leave their current role (AAHA, 2023; via PupPilot Verified Veterinary Statistics) https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#aaha-intent-to-leave",
			"anchorUrl": "https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#aaha-intent-to-leave"
		},
		{
			"slug": "norwegian-gp-answer-rate",
			"status": "verified",
			"category": "adjacent-benchmarks",
			"question": "What answer rate can a small practice actually achieve?",
			"figure": "66%",
			"unit": "of calls to (human) general practices were answered; mean wait 25 seconds",
			"construct": "The telephone company recorded every call to 100 Norwegian GP practices for one week — carrier-level measurement, not self-report. The best small-practice answer-rate measurement in existence.",
			"source": {
				"publisher": "Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening",
				"title": "Telephone accessibility of Norwegian general practices (Sandvik & Hunskår), 2005;125(2):182–185",
				"date": "2005",
				"url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15665894/"
			},
			"sample": "100 Norwegian general (human) practices; every inbound call for one week, recorded by the carrier",
			"method": "Peer-reviewed carrier-level call measurement",
			"strength": "peer-reviewed",
			"cannot_support": "Veterinary or US claims — Norwegian human general practice, 2005. It is here because nothing this rigorous exists for veterinary phones.",
			"scope": [
				"non-veterinary",
				"non-us",
				"archival"
			],
			"verified_on": "2026-08-31",
			"added_on": "2026-08-31",
			"citation": "66% of calls to (human) general practices were answered; mean wait 25 seconds (Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening, 2005; via PupPilot Verified Veterinary Statistics) https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#norwegian-gp-answer-rate",
			"anchorUrl": "https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#norwegian-gp-answer-rate"
		},
		{
			"slug": "va-call-abandonment",
			"status": "verified",
			"category": "adjacent-benchmarks",
			"question": "What does it take to improve call abandonment at scale?",
			"figure": "12.0% → 8.3%",
			"unit": "call abandonment across VA medical facilities, 2014–2016; average speed of answer 87s → 69s",
			"construct": "A very large health system worked at its phones for two years: abandonment fell from 12.0% to 8.3% against VA targets of ≤30s answer speed and ≤5% abandonment — and it got to 8.3%, not 5%.",
			"source": {
				"publisher": "American Journal of Managed Care",
				"title": "Call center performance in the Veterans Health Administration (Griffith et al.), 2019;25(9):e282–7",
				"date": "2019",
				"url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31518100/"
			},
			"sample": "285 VA medical facilities, 2014–2016; free full text",
			"method": "Peer-reviewed administrative-data analysis",
			"strength": "peer-reviewed",
			"cannot_support": "Reputation or satisfaction effects — the paper found abandonment was not associated with satisfaction outcomes.",
			"scope": [
				"non-veterinary"
			],
			"verified_on": "2026-08-31",
			"added_on": "2026-08-31",
			"citation": "12.0% → 8.3% call abandonment across VA medical facilities, 2014–2016; average speed of answer 87s → 69s (American Journal of Managed Care, 2019; via PupPilot Verified Veterinary Statistics) https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#va-call-abandonment",
			"anchorUrl": "https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#va-call-abandonment"
		},
		{
			"slug": "patient-prism-dental-hangups",
			"status": "verified",
			"category": "adjacent-benchmarks",
			"question": "How do dental practices compare on missed calls?",
			"figure": "31 in 100",
			"unit": "dental callers hung up before reaching an agent",
			"construct": "The dental sibling of the veterinary access report — and the source pool from which “dental” numbers get relabeled as veterinary.",
			"source": {
				"publisher": "Patient Prism",
				"title": "Dental Patient Access Report",
				"date": "2026-07-02",
				"url": "https://www.patientprism.com/"
			},
			"sample": "11,552,668 calls across 8,280 dental locations, calendar year 2025; vendor cohort, DSO-weighted",
			"method": "Vendor call-tracking telemetry",
			"strength": "vendor-disclosed",
			"cannot_support": "Veterinary claims — this is dental call-tracking data.",
			"scope": [
				"non-veterinary"
			],
			"verified_on": "2026-08-31",
			"added_on": "2026-08-31",
			"citation": "31 in 100 dental callers hung up before reaching an agent (Patient Prism, 2026-07-02; via PupPilot Verified Veterinary Statistics) https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#patient-prism-dental-hangups",
			"anchorUrl": "https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#patient-prism-dental-hangups"
		},
		{
			"slug": "vonage-ivr-2019",
			"status": "verified",
			"category": "adjacent-benchmarks",
			"question": "How much do people hate phone menus?",
			"figure": "85%",
			"unit": "of consumers had hung up on an automated phone menu in the past year",
			"figures": [
				{
					"value": "85%",
					"label": "had hung up on an automated phone menu in the past year"
				},
				{
					"value": "51%",
					"label": "had abandoned a business entirely after a bad automated-phone experience"
				}
			],
			"construct": "Consumer survey on IVR frustration; top complaints: reason not listed (65%), irrelevant options (63%), couldn't reach a live person (54%), menu too long (46%).",
			"source": {
				"publisher": "Vonage",
				"title": "IVR consumer survey (conducted by Opinion Matters)",
				"date": "2019-09-26",
				"url": "https://www.vonage.com/about-us/vonage-stories/"
			},
			"sample": "n=2,010 US adults, September 2019",
			"method": "Vendor-commissioned consumer survey",
			"strength": "vendor-disclosed",
			"cannot_support": "Veterinary-specific rates or anything about voicemail — this measured automated phone menus, in 2019.",
			"scope": [
				"non-veterinary",
				"archival"
			],
			"verified_on": "2026-08-31",
			"added_on": "2026-08-31",
			"citation": "85% of consumers had hung up on an automated phone menu in the past year (Vonage, 2019-09-26; via PupPilot Verified Veterinary Statistics) https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#vonage-ivr-2019",
			"anchorUrl": "https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#vonage-ivr-2019"
		},
		{
			"slug": "vonage-ai-2024",
			"status": "verified",
			"category": "adjacent-benchmarks",
			"question": "Are consumers comfortable talking to AI on the phone?",
			"figure": "33%",
			"unit": "of surveyed consumers are comfortable with AI on voice calls",
			"figures": [
				{
					"value": "33%",
					"label": "comfortable with AI on voice calls"
				},
				{
					"value": "85%",
					"label": "say easy access to a live human remains very important"
				}
			],
			"construct": "Consumer attitudes toward AI in customer service among recent users of AI customer support.",
			"source": {
				"publisher": "Vonage",
				"title": "AI in customer experience survey (conducted by Pollfish)",
				"date": "2024-11-21",
				"url": "https://www.vonage.com/about-us/vonage-stories/"
			},
			"sample": "n=1,000 US adults, September 2024, pre-screened as recent users of AI customer support",
			"method": "Vendor-commissioned consumer survey",
			"strength": "vendor-disclosed",
			"cannot_support": "General-population comfort levels — the sample was screened to recent users of AI customer support, which travels with the figure.",
			"scope": [
				"non-veterinary"
			],
			"verified_on": "2026-08-31",
			"added_on": "2026-08-31",
			"citation": "33% of surveyed consumers are comfortable with AI on voice calls (Vonage, 2024-11-21; via PupPilot Verified Veterinary Statistics) https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#vonage-ai-2024",
			"anchorUrl": "https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#vonage-ai-2024"
		},
		{
			"slug": "icmi-abandonment-guidance",
			"status": "verified",
			"category": "adjacent-benchmarks",
			"question": "What is a good call abandonment rate?",
			"figure": "Not a standalone KPI",
			"unit": "ICMI: abandonment “is not a concrete measure of call center performance, because it is driven by caller behavior which the center cannot directly control”",
			"construct": "The contact-center standards body's own guidance: read abandonment alongside answered rate and service level, and treat 80/20 as one option among several, not an official standard.",
			"source": {
				"publisher": "ICMI",
				"title": "Call Center Metrics: Key Performance Indicators (free PDF)",
				"date": "2020",
				"url": "https://www.icmi.com/"
			},
			"sample": "Standards-body guidance document",
			"method": "Industry standards guidance",
			"strength": "association",
			"cannot_support": "A specific veterinary abandonment threshold — published thresholds vary between sources, so the direction is the durable guidance.",
			"scope": [
				"non-veterinary"
			],
			"verified_on": "2026-08-31",
			"added_on": "2026-08-31",
			"citation": "Not a standalone KPI ICMI: abandonment “is not a concrete measure of call center performance, because it is driven by caller behavior which the center cannot directly control” (ICMI, 2020; via PupPilot Verified Veterinary Statistics) https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#icmi-abandonment-guidance",
			"anchorUrl": "https://www.puppilot.co/resources/statistics#icmi-abandonment-guidance"
		}
	]
}